India’s development journey is a mix of impressive achievements and ongoing challenges. With continued reforms, innovation, and inclusive policies, India is poised to become a global superpower in the 21st century.
Pre-Independence Era Before British colonial rule, India was a prosperous economy with thriving trade in textiles, spices, and handicrafts. The colonial period (1757–1947) led to deindustrialization, exploitation of resources, and famines, leaving India impoverished at the time of independence. Post-Independence Economic Policies After 1947, India adopted a mixed economy model with a focus on self-reliance (Swadeshi) and state-led industrialization. The Five-Year Plans, inspired by the Soviet model, emphasized heavy industries, agriculture, and public sector dominance. However, by the 1980s, inefficiencies and slow growth necessitated reforms.
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